ポーランド：アンチ・ゲイの保守派カチンスキ・ワルシャワ市長が大統領選に勝利

ポーランド　大統領に保守強硬派 (東京 2005/10/24夕刊)

　【ワルシャワ＝熊倉逸男】任期満了に伴うポーランド大統領選の決選投票は二十三日夜（日本時間二十四日未明）、投開票され、自主管理労組「連帯」系の保守政党「法と正義」の候補者、レフ・カチンスキ・ワルシャワ市長（５６）の当選が確実となった。

　暫定公式集計（開票率約９１％）によると、得票率はカチンスキ氏が約５４％で過半数を確保。同じく連帯系の中道政党「市民プラットフォーム」の候補者、ドナルド・トゥスク党首（４８）は約４６％だった。カチンスキ氏は「みなさんに感謝する」と勝利宣言し、トゥスク氏も敗北を認めた。

　カチンスキ氏は、対ドイツやロシアへの強硬路線を主張。死刑制度の支持や同性愛者の権利制限など、欧州連合（ＥＵ）の方針に反する考えも表明しており、ポーランドをめぐる外交や経済関係が緊張する可能性も出てきた。

　同氏は当初、トゥスク氏に１０ポイント以上リードされていたが、低所得者層への優遇税制などを打ち出して支持を拡大。極右政党の「自衛」や「家族連盟」、独立系カトリック系放送局「ラジオ・マリア」など、反ＥＵ的な主張をする勢力の支持も取り付けて挽回（ばんかい）。昨年五月の同国のＥＵ加盟への批判票も集めた格好になった。

　先月の総選挙で第一党となり、次期政権を担う「法と正義」党首のヤロスワフ氏は、カチンスキ候補の双子の兄にあたる。兄弟で政治的実権を握ることになったが、ヤロスワフ氏は世論に配慮し、首相には就任しない考えを明らかにしている。大統領の任期は五年。首相の任命権、政策立案への関与、法案への拒否権など、幅広い政治権限をもつ。

ポーランド次期大統領、レフ・カチンスキ氏――党首の兄と二人三脚（登場） (日本経済 2005/10/24夕刊)

　「経済自由化に一辺倒より弱者に優しい公正な国を」――。選挙戦で自由化のひずみを巧みに突いた。トゥスク候補の単一税率構想やユーロの早期導入計画を「富裕層優遇で弱者に一段と痛みを強いる」と批判した。

　欧州連合（ＥＵ）加盟後、西欧の生活水準に追いつくのがポーランド政府目標だったが、社会に改革に耐えるだけの体力がないとみて、緩やかな改革を唱えた。財政規律などを伴うユーロ導入には慎重で導入目標時期すら示していない。

　東欧民主化の先駆けである自主管理労組「連帯」のワレサ議長（前大統領）の顧問として、共産政権打倒に尽くした。外交ではクワシニエフスキ現大統領の米国重視路線を継承する。

　「法と正義」の党名同様、汚職と腐敗の追及に力を入れる。一九九〇年代に法相のほか、閣僚などを監視する最高監督会議の議長も務めた。愛国心と家族重視を訴え、同性愛反対、死刑制度復活を支持するなど保守的な一面を併せ持つ。

　寡黙な双子の兄と性格は反対で雄弁。六二年、子供向け映画「月を盗んだ二人」に兄弟で子役として出演して国民的人気を博した。再びコンビを組むひのき舞台が訪れた。５６歳。

（ワルシャワ＝桜庭薫）

保守派市長の勝利確実に　ポーランド大統領選

　【ワルシャワ２３日共同】２３日実施されたポーランド大統領選挙の決選投票は、公共テレビなどが発表した出口調査に基づく推計によると、保守系政党「法と正義」のレフ・カチンスキ・ワルシャワ市長（５６）が約５４％を得票、「市民プラットフォーム」のトゥスク党首（４８）の約４５％を大きく上回り、勝利を確実にした。

　同市長は支持者に「この成功をもたらしたみなさんに感謝する」と勝利宣言。トゥスク党首も敗北を認めた。公式集計結果は２４日午後（日本時間同日深夜）に発表される。

　９月の総選挙では両党が第１、２党となり、ベルカ首相の旧共産系政権を倒した。ともに自主管理労組「連帯」を母体とする両党は週内にも連立政権を発足させる方針で、大統領選は昨年に欧州連合（ＥＵ）入りしたポーランドの非共産系体制確立を決定づける動きとなった。


Polish right takes all as Kaczynski wins run-off
Sun Oct 23, 2005 11:15 PM BST

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Poland may hold euro referendum-Kaczynski

By Pawel Sobczak

WARSAW (Reuters) - Conservative Lech Kaczynski won Poland's presidential run-off on Sunday on a platform combining traditionalist Catholic values with promises to curb corruption and shore up the welfare state.

Partial results showed Kaczynski, a tough-on-crime Warsaw mayor, captured more than 54 percent of the vote, an eight-point advantage over his pro-business ally-turned-rival Donald Tusk.

Kaczynski's victory seals a swing to the right in the European Union's biggest ex-communist newcomer after his Law and Justice and Tusk's moderate Civic Platform crushed the ruling left in general elections last month.

A moderate nationalist who is wary of deeper European integration, Kaczynski replaces veteran leftist Aleksander Kwasniewski, who could not run after two five-year terms.

Kaczynski said that the EU newcomer may hold a referendum on adopting the euro in 2010.

"The question of the euro should be resolved through a referendum, which could take place in 2010," Kaczynski told Reuters in a brief interview.

Kaczynski has expressed reservations about euro zone entry, but said the referendum was necessary because adopting the single currency meant giving up part of national sovereignty.

The race between Tusk and Kaczynski, former activists in the pro-democracy Solidarity movement that toppled communism in 1989, became a plebiscite on whether the country of 38 million needs more free-market medicine or more welfare.

Kaczynski, who portrayed Tusk as a heartless free-market zealot, extended an olive branch to his defeated rival. He urged him to join forces in government after coalition talks between their centre-right parties stalled during the campaign.

"I want to call ... for us to quickly conclude work on the government. I will approach Donald Tusk, who fought superbly in this campaign," Kaczynski told supporters.

FOURTH REPUBLIC

In the presidential and parliamentary campaigns, the Kaczynskis combined patriotic rhetoric and traditional Christian values with scepticism of free markets -- a message which appealed to many poor, less educated Poles.

They promised to build a "Fourth Republic" in a clean break with the corruption that characterised the post-communist "Third Republic".

Sleaze and political patronage peaked during the four-year rule of the social democrats, whose popularity sunk to all-time lows despite their success in bringing Poland into the EU.

Transparency International rates Poland the most corrupt nation in Europe, putting it in 70th place in its 2005 ranking of perceptions of corruption worldwide.

The double crown won by Law and Justice in both elections is a sweet reward for the Kaczynski twins, 56, after years of never quite making it to the top in politics.

The former child-stars of a popular 1962 movie called "The Two Who Stole The Moon", the brothers were kingmakers in previous centre-right governments but were shunned for top posts due to their combative, all-or-nothing style.

The president is commander-in-chief of the army, can propose or veto legislation, nominate prime ministers -- who hold most executive power -- and, in some cases, dissolve parliament.

He influences the government's foreign policy, a field where Kaczynski faces a steep challenge after irking big neighbours Germany and Russia with scathing remarks during the campaign.

He has raised eyebrows in Europe by courting the religious right with his anti-gay remarks and pro-death penalty talk.

GOVERNMENT TALKS

The financial markets rooted for Tusk, seeing him as a counterbalance to Kaczynski's ambivalence about the need for fiscal reforms and liberal economic policies.

Analysts expect the zloty and Polish bonds to dip on Monday but losses will not be deep if coalition talks make headway.

"The main focus remains the coalition talks and the market still basically trusts that the two parties will come to some sort of a compromise," said Tania Kotsos, currency strategist with RBC in London.

Tusk's Civic Platform said they will not give up on their campaign pledge to lower taxes and cut red tape to spur growth and reduce Poland's 18 percent unemployment, the EU's highest.

(Additional reporting by Malgorzata Rakowiec in Gdansk)


The Times October 24, 2005
Firebrand wins power after surge in support
From Kamil Tchorek in Warsaw

THE conservative Mayor of Warsaw has been elected President of Poland despite trailing in opinion polls for weeks.

Unofficial exit polls in yesterday’s runoff gave Lech Kaczynski, 56, a seemingly unassailable six-point lead over Donald Tusk, 48, the founder of the centrist Civic Reform party. The official result is expected later today.

The last-minute change in voter sentiment came about after Mr Kaczynski softened his usually firebrand tone in television debates while simultaneously alerting Poland’s poorest voters to the dangers of free-market ideology.

Mr Tusk campaigned on a low-tax, low-spend platform for weeks and seemed about to take Poland down a course of fast eurozone entry, privatisation and foreign direct investment. He conceded defeat last night and told glum supporters: “Today I must tell myself I did not make it.” Mr Kaczynski appealed to the 18 per cent of the Polish population that are unemployed and the large agricultural and heavy-industry sectors. He was also endorsed by a former rival candidate, the populist Andrzej Lepper, who has a working-class support base.

During the campaign an aide to Mr Kaczynski accused Mr Tusk’s family of ties with the occupying Nazi forces during the Second World War.

Mr Tusk vehemently denied this, until evidence was produced that his grandfather had been a member of the Wehrmacht. He had been forced to enlist from a concentration camp.

Mr Kaczynski is strongly pro-church, against abortion and gay rights and has banned Warsaw’s gay pride parade for the past two years. He also wants Poland to become the first EU country to reinstate the death penalty.

The results echo the general election a month ago, when Law and Justice — the party that Mr Kaczynski helped to found in 2001 — emerged victorious after trailing Civic Reform for weeks. The two parties will today begin coalition talks that had been delayed by the presidential runoff following the first election on October 9.

Mr Kaczynski, who has a tough attitude towards Germany and Russia, said last night that Mr Tusk had “fought superbly” in the campaign and offered to make him parliamentary speaker, which is a powerful post.

Poland’s two top political jobs will now be in the hands of the Law and Justice party. Mr Kaczynski’s twin brother, Jaroslaw, who heads the party, had been expected to become Prime Minister, but declined the job to give his lookalike a better chance of winning the presidency.

PARALLEL LIVES

Lech Kaczynski is a former child actor who, age 12, starred with his identical twin brother Jaroslaw in the 1962 film The Little Hoodlums Who Tried to Steal the Moon

Both studied law at Warsaw University and were involved in the anti-communist opposition and the Solidarity trade union movement. They became senators in the first free elections in 1989

In 2001 they founded the Law and Justice party, which won the most seats in last month’s parliamentary election

Lech Kaczynski was elected Mayor of Warsaw in 2002. He saw the job as a stepping stone to the presidency

The brothers are sons of a Polish resistance fighter during the Second World War. They helped to establish the Warsaw Uprising museum