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中国:エイズ予防条例施行へ コンドーム配備規定
毎日新聞 2006年2月13日 19時27分 【北京・大谷麻由美】中国各紙は13日、エイズウイルス(HIV)感染者の権利の保護や医療機関、行政機関の措置などを規定した「エイズ予防条例」が3月1日から施行されると報じた。同条例は、性交渉によるHIV感染を減らすため、ホテルやサウナなど公共施設すべてにコンドームを配備することを規定している。しかし、中国では違法な売春を助長させないかと、条例を疑問視する声も出ている。 条例によると、ホテルや理髪店、サウナや公衆浴場など公共施設の経営者はコンドームを配備するか、販売施設を設置しなければならない。違反した場合は、衛生当局の警告、もしくは500元(約7000円)以上5000元(約7万円)以下の罰金が科され、改善がみられない場合は営業停止となる。 中国青年報によると、昨年12月にいち早く「100%コンドーム配備」を実施した河南省鄭州市で、公安関係者から「ホテルの客室や理髪店に配備するのは、違法な売春に便宜を図ることになり、売春を増やす現象につながるのではないか」という意見が出た。しかし、専門家の間で「大きな意見の対立はあるが、とにかく予防の努力をしなければならない」という結論に達したという。中国では、理髪店の中でマッサージや売春を行っているところがある。 衛生省によると、05年末時点の中国国内のHIV感染者は約65万人、そのうち発症者は7万5000人に上る。05年に新たに感染した7万人のうち、性交渉による感染が49.8%、薬物使用による注射針からの感染が48.6%だった。04年のデータでは、性産業に従事する女性の0.93%が感染者だという。 中国政府は2010年にHIV感染者数を150万人以下に抑えることを目標にしている。感染予防の対策予算として05年は8億元(約112億円)を計上。02年の1億元(約14億円)から大幅に増やしている。 毎日新聞 2006年2月13日 19時27分 中国、エイズ感染の拡大予防で新法 (2006年2月13日20時14分 読売新聞) 【北京=末続哲也】13日付の中国各紙によると、中国政府は12日、エイズ感染拡大防止を狙った新法「エイズ予防治療条例」を公表した。 農村や都市部貧困層のエイズ発症者への治療薬の無償提供を求めているほか、エイズ感染防止で不備があった行政・医療機関に対しては、刑事責任を追及する内容。3月1日から施行する。 中国衛生省などの推計で、中国のエイズ感染者は約65万人、発症者は約7万5000人に達し、感染拡大防止が急務となっていた。 (2006年2月13日20時14分 読売新聞) エイズ予防に中国が本腰、公共施設コンドーム常備義務化 2006年02月13日17時12分 朝日 中国政府は12日、エイズウイルス(HIV)感染拡大の防止を目指した「エイズ予防治療条例」を公布した。地方政府などのエイズ予防と治療の責任について規定。感染者に対して、権利を保障すると同時に感染防止も義務づけている。3月1日から施行する。 国営新華社通信によると、条例は、地方政府が農村部の患者と都市部の経済的に苦しい患者に対しては治療薬を無償で提供しなければならないと規定。医療機関が患者のエイズウイルス感染を理由に治療を拒否した場合には、刑事責任を問うとしている。ホテルやレストラン、浴場、理髪店などの公共施設・娯楽施設にはコンドームを備えるか販売所を設けるように義務づけ、違反した施設には最高で5000元(約7万3000円)の罰金が科される。 また、感染者本人の同意なしに職場などが感染の事実を広めることを禁止する一方で、感染者は他人への感染を防止する義務があるとし、エイズを故意に広げることを厳しく禁じている。 衛生省などによると、05年末の中国のHIV感染者は約65万人で、薬物常用や性交渉による感染が8割を超える。同省は感染拡大に警戒感を強めており、条例により拡大防止に本格的に取り組む姿勢を示したものとみられる。 #
by alfayoko2005
| 2006-02-13 21:00
| HIV/AIDS
EDITORIAL
The case for a baby princess The Japan Times: Feb. 12, 2006 No wonder the Crown Princess gets depressed. The spectacle of the chasm between the Imperial family and the 21st century has long been enough to depress anyone. But then, just when the princess must have thought the gap might be closing a bit, given the prime minister's efforts to win the right of succession for the family's female members, along comes an unexpected pregnancy to send everything back to square one. It is not that the princess would not wish to congratulate her brother- and sister-in-law, Prince Akishino and Princess Kiko, on their joyous news. The whole nation does. It is just that she must dread having to explain to her 4-year-old daughter why people's joy seems to be so dependent on this new cousin being a boy. Whatever happened to the idea that girls are just as special, just as valued, as boys? How do you explain why some people think being a girl is such a crippling defect it automatically disqualifies you from a job that carries no power anyway? Or why it would still be empowering to women for a woman to accede to a position of such bizarre powerlessness? Such questions and contradictions went to the heart of the Crown Princess's well-known uneasiness with the archaic system into which she had married. But now the fuss over Princess Kiko's pregnancy has thrown those contradictions into super-high relief. For a while, the world thought Japan was on the verge of letting its Imperial family edge into the modern age. Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi was pursuing a farsighted proposal for a legislative amendment that would permit female succession, and a majority of the public supported him. Now, the possibility that the second-in-line to the throne may produce a male heir has shattered the impression that the country was about to take an important step forward. Mr. Koizumi himself appears to have determined not to make a rush about the issue of imperial succession in view of growing resistance to the idea of a female ascending to the Chrysanthemum Throne. If Japan was truly ready for a female emperor, why is everyone so thrilled about this pregnancy? Television announcers all but wept breaking the news on Tuesday. And opponents of the prime minister's plan appear giddy with relief at the thought that a boy could yet appear and save the nation from the frightful prospect of a reigning empress who could be succeeded in turn by her own daughters. That last clause has been a particular bone of contention, stirring echoes of the 16th-century Scottish theologian John Knox's notorious "First Blast of the Trumpet Against the Monstrous Regiment of Women." There is not a sliver of difference between Knox's view of the place of women in 1558 and the view held by the old guard of the Liberal Democratic Party in 2006: "To promote a woman to bear rule, superiority, dominion or empire above any realm, nation, or city is repugnant to nature, contumely to God and the subversion of good order." Unfortunately, the old guard may be right to think their cause has been boosted by Princess Kiko's pregnancy. Interviews in the street this past week suggest that much of the public support for Mr. Koizumi's proposal stemmed from the absence of a male heir; better Princess Aiko than no one, people hinted. Now that there is a chance of a boy, many appear to favor a wait-and-see approach. That is a profoundly discouraging response, if not quite the virulent misogyny that has colored the campaign against Mr. Koizumi's plan in recent weeks. Some critics had become so desperate to keep a woman from the throne that they appeared willing not just to stall social advances but to reverse them. The Crown Prince and Princess could get a divorce, they said, thereby freeing the Crown Prince to "try again" for a son. No one explained what would happen if the Imperial couple did not want a divorce. Others advocated reviving the concubine tradition, of all things, or extending eligibility to male scions of dormant aristocratic "houses." The public had not, by and large, embraced these retrograde suggestions. But the readiness of many people to see the new plan shelved or postponed suggests that the idea of equality has only shallow roots here: A woman is still second-best, a last resort. If Mr. Koizumi's proposal was the right thing to do last week, it still is this week, because women's equality must be seen as absolute, not relative. Some might argue that this is all a tempest in a teacup, because the emperor system is purely symbolic, anyway. But that is exactly why it is important. What better vehicle than the monarchy to set a symbolic example on social issues? Last week's news has set that effort back -- but there is still room for optimism. The new baby might be a girl, thus putting this crucial debate back on track. Here's hoping. The Japan Times: Feb. 12, 2006 Koizumi's succession bill looks set to wilt #
by alfayoko2005
| 2006-02-13 16:59
| ジェンダー・セックス
The New York Times
February 13, 2006 Hawaii Agrees to Change Policies for Incarcerated Gay Youths By JANIS L. MAGIN HONOLULU, Feb. 12 — Under a settlement with the federal government, the state has agreed to make sweeping improvements at Hawaii's troubled youth prison in the next three years, but a civil liberties group that sued over the problems says the agreement does not go far enough to protect gay wards from harassment, abuse and discrimination. The settlement with the Justice Department came last week as a federal district judge, J. Michael Seabright, issued a preliminary injunction in a lawsuit that was filed in September by the American Civil Liberties Union of Hawaii. The judge described conditions at the prison, the Hawaii Youth Correctional Facility, as "chaotic" and called for the state to stop the abuse and harassment of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender wards. The lawsuit, coming after a Justice Department report last summer that described the 71-bed youth facility in Kailua as "existing in a state of chaos," was filed on behalf of an 18-year-old lesbian, an 18-year-old boy perceived by guards and other teenage wards to be gay and a 17-year-old male-to-female transgender girl. It says the teenagers were physically and verbally abused by staff members at the facility as well as by other wards because of their sexual and gender orientation. "Everyone knew that the climate was pretty pervasive and nobody did anything about it," said Lois Perrin, legal director for the A.C.L.U. of Hawaii. Judge Seabright has scheduled a status conference on the case for Monday. Hawaii's attorney general, Mark J. Bennett, said on Friday that the state planned to develop specific policies to deal with lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender wards, and that state officials would consult with the A.C.L.U. in doing so. Ms. Perrin, who delivered a list of proposed injunctions to the court on Friday, said the A.C.L.U. wanted the changes done under a court order and more quickly than the three years the state had to comply with the federal agreement. "We're asking that they are not allowed to discriminate, harass or abuse wards, based on actual or perceived sexual orientation, gender identity or sex," Ms. Perrin said. She said the A.C.L.U. also wanted the state to thoroughly investigate accusations of harassment and abuse, to stop using isolation to protect wards from abuse by other teens, and to provide a physically and psychologically safe environment. The state's settlement agreement with the Justice Department imposes dozens of conditions on the youth prison, including the development of suicide prevention and intervention procedures, the protection of young wards from physical and sexual abuse, and the employment of enough staff members to adequately supervise and care for the wards. An independent monitor will oversee the state's changes. The state also agreed to conduct criminal record checks within the next four months on all employees who worked directly with the youths. "It certainly indicates that we need to make sure that the individuals who are employed at the facility who come in contact with youth are the right people to be working there," Mr. Bennett said. He said the agreement, the result of four months of negotiations, did not include an admission of constitutional violations or other wrongdoing by the state. The state has three years to comply, or the Justice Department may refile its lawsuit. "Obviously if we didn't think there were serious problems at the facility we wouldn't have entered into as comprehensive an agreement as this one was," Mr. Bennett said. "This agreement imposes substantial burdens on the state. It's going to be expensive and it's going to take time." A number of Hawaii institutions have had trouble with the federal government. Thirteen years of federal oversight at Hawaii State Hospital in Kaneohe, the state's mental health facility, ended a little over a year ago. The Oahu Community Correctional Center operated under federal supervision from 1985 to 1999 under a consent decree that limited the number of inmates. Judge Blasts Hawai’i Juvenile Detention Facility for Pervasive Harassment of LGBT Youth #
by alfayoko2005
| 2006-02-13 16:55
| トランス
The Independent
The more they like sex, the more women like women Bisexuality is on the rise - but only on one side of the gender gap By Jonathan Owen Published: 12 February 2006 Being highly sexed changes men's and women's sexual orientation in startlingly different ways, a major academic study has concluded. The research, conducted by Dr Richard Lippa, an internationally renowned sex expert at California State University, shows highly sexed women to be no less than 27 times more likely than men to become attracted to their own sex. The survey, of more than 3,500 people, is published in this month's Psychological Science. It showed that 0.3 per cent of men were attracted to their own sex, as opposed to 8 per cent of women. For most women, a high sex drive increases their sexual attraction to both men and women. The opposite occurs in men, where a high sex drive simply exaggerates existing sexual orientation. Dr Lippa told The Independent on Sunday: "Sexuality is more complex than we want to believe. It is more common for women to change their sexuality. My personal sense is that there are very few bisexual men, but there are significantly more bisexual women out there." Researchers are finding evidence that there is a key biological difference at play between the sexes, rather than sociological factors alone. This conclusion comes as no surprise to the television personality Rebecca Loos, a lifelong bisexual. "I do find that a lot of my female friends find women and men attractive, whether or not they happen to be in relationships with men," she says. "Most women I know have been with other women. Men and women are completely different when it comes to sex: for men it's a lot more physical." As more women develop an open-minded attitude, celebrities are once again leading the way in bringing sexual orientation out of the closet. Madonna, Angelina Jolie and Saffron Burrows are among those famous for their relationships with both sexes. In the 1990s the columnist Julie Burchill had a much-publicised affair with the writer Charlotte Raven, whose brother she later married. Data from last year's Sex Survey conducted by the BBC is expected to show twice as many bisexual women (6 per cent) as lesbians (3 per cent) in the UK. Numbers of women who had tried lesbian sex more than doubled between 1990 and 2000. The TV sex therapist Tracey Cox says: "Bisexuality is going to be very interesting - something to watch, particularly with women. They've done experiments where they wire up people and get them to watch porn, woman on woman, man on man and hetero, and women were aroused by all three. "Nearly all the sex therapists I know, if I ask what's the top fantasy for women, [will say] sleeping with another woman." #
by alfayoko2005
| 2006-02-12 12:48
| LGB(TIQ)
写真左列・前から後ろへ Wangari Maathai (2004年ノーベル平和賞受賞者・ケニア) Manuela Di Centa (クロスカントリー・スキー、1992年アルベールビル、94年リレハンメル、98年長野の3五輪大会で金2、銀2、銅3個のメダルを獲得・イタリア) Maria Mutola (2000年シドニー五輪800メートル走の金メダリスト・モザンビーク) Somaly Mam (AFESIP, Acting for Women in Distressing Situations代表・カンボジア) 写真右列・前から後ろへ Sophia Loren (女優・イタリア) Isabel Allende (作家・チリ) Nawal El Moutawakel (1984年ロサンゼルス五輪400メートルハードルの金メダリスト・モロッコ:アフリカ女性最初の金) Susan Sarandon (女優・アメリカ) #
by alfayoko2005
| 2006-02-12 10:12
| ジェンダー・セックス
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